how to find the measure of an angle when given the total measure of all the angles, and the angle measures say things like x, x-46, 1/2x?

Do you mean that you have all the angles of a triangle?

You should know that the angle sum of a triangle is 180 degrees so this is what you have

$$x+x-46+\frac{x}{2}=180$$

Now you have to solve the equation.  Can you do that, or at least start it by yourself?

You just have to collect like terms and solve for x. Then, substitute the value you found for x for the 3 angles.