Two points on a circle of radius $1$ are chosen at random. Find the probability that the distance between the two points is at most $3/2.$
Look at the diagram:
Find angle α using the cosine rule (i.e. cos(a)=(b2+c2−a2)/(2bc) )
Take the ratio of the arc of the circle subtended by 2α to that of the circumference of the whole circle to get the probability.
i.e. probability = 2α/(2π)
(Note that the lower point could be on the opposite side of the circle hence 2α not just α)