There are 26 students in a class, 7 have blonde hair, 9 have glasses and 4 have both blond hair and glasses. If a student is selected at random, what is the probability that the student will have either blonde hair or glasses?
The problem is to find how many students have either blond hair or glasses and then divide that by the total number of students; that will find the probability.
Since 7 have blonde hair and 9 have glasses, that would be a total of 16 persons if there were no overlap; that is, no blonde wears glasses and nobody who wears glasses is a blonde.
But there are 4 persons who have both blond hair and wears glasses. That means, of the 7 who are blondes, 3 of them do not wear glasses. And, of the 9 who wear glasses, 5 of them are not blondes.
So we have 3 who are blondes without glasses, 5 who wear glasses who are not blondes, and 4 blonds with glasses, for a total of 12 persons.
The probability is, therefore, 12/26 or 6/13.
(I'm assuming you meant "20" students, rather than "26")
Let A be the probability that a student has blonde hair = 7/20 = P(A)
Let B be the probability that a student wears glasses = 9/20 = P(B)
And the probabilty that a student has both = 4/20 = P(A ∩ B)
So, the probability that a student has either blonde hair or glasses = P(A ∪ B), is gven by
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B) = 7/20 + 9/20 - 4/20 = 12/20
The problem is to find how many students have either blond hair or glasses and then divide that by the total number of students; that will find the probability.
Since 7 have blonde hair and 9 have glasses, that would be a total of 16 persons if there were no overlap; that is, no blonde wears glasses and nobody who wears glasses is a blonde.
But there are 4 persons who have both blond hair and wears glasses. That means, of the 7 who are blondes, 3 of them do not wear glasses. And, of the 9 who wear glasses, 5 of them are not blondes.
So we have 3 who are blondes without glasses, 5 who wear glasses who are not blondes, and 4 blonds with glasses, for a total of 12 persons.
The probability is, therefore, 12/26 or 6/13.