There are a few factoring forms worth knowing, three of which are:
--- Difference of squares: A² - B² = (A + B)(A - B)
--- Difference of cubes: A³ - B³ = (A - B)(A² + AB + B²)
--- Sum of cubes: A³ + B³ = (A + B)(A² - AB + B²)
In x^6 - y^6, first use difference of squares:
= (x³)² - (y³)² to get: (x³ + y³)(x³ - y³)
Now use both sum of cubes and difference of cubes:
= [ (x - y)(x² + xy + y²) ][ (x + y)(x² - xy + y²) ]
= (x - y)(x + y)(x² + xy + y²)(x² - xy + y²)