A formula that you can use:
Pct. Change as a Decimal = [ 2009 value - 2008 value ] / 20008 value
To find [A]: Pct. Change as a Decimal = [172,700 - 198,100] / 198,100 = -.128 = -12.8%
[C], [E], and [G] are solved like part [A].
To find [B]: 0.012 = [ 2009 value - 20,600 ] / 20,600
(multiply by 20,600): 247.2 = 2009 value - 20,600 ---> 2009 value = $20,847.20
[H] is solved like [B].
To find [D]: 0.288 = [ 6838 - 2008 value ] / 2008 value
(replace 2008 value with x): 0.2888 = [ 6838 - x ] / x
(cross multiply): 0.288x = 6838 - x
(add x): 1.288x = 6838 ---> x = 6838 / 1.288 ---> x = $5309.01
[F] is like [D].